Notes on a
discussion with P Lather
Clarke, Adele (2009) 'Getting Lost and Found and
Lost and Found and Lost Again with Patti
Lather'. In Frontiers: A Journal of
Women Studies 30 (1): 212-21
Lather is a methodologist rather than offering
specific methods, and does not tell people what to
do, but asks them questions. She is an
adventurous writer and researcher, and can
sometimes scare the audience. She once ran a
seminar while naked in a hot tub. She talks
about a double(d) science in the context of Pitt
and Britzman on 'difficult knowledge', that which
produces breakdowns in representing experience,
losing 'lovely knowledge' which reinforces what we
think. Loss is positively valued as a force
of learning, and marginal or semi conscious
perceptions and experiences pursued.
Reflexivity is the primary methodological tool,
inspired by Lacan's remark that we have to become
aware of the ways in which we avoid and evade
material that we do not want to handle in order
'to sustain our own narcissistic visions'
(213). Her own in capacities are
acknowledged, but she does not think that
therefore we should not tried to engage. She
is open to critical comments from others and
sometimes publishes it. In a spirit of
'"self - wounding"'. Ethnography itself is
self wounding, since we are accountable to
complexity and limits soon appear.
She's an interventionist, thinking that there is a
need to change the world as well as understand it,
but thinks that we should start with
ourselves. This means going beyond
'disciplinary comfort zones', including
investigating science and technology. Clarke
who is a specialist, finds the argument here
limited and underestimating paradigm shifts in
that field. It also ignores some current
work on biology in feminism. Overall, the
disunity of science is now accepted, and we know
realise that biologies are local and
situated. Kuhn might also have been
critiqued more effectively. The ethnography
of science and technology has revealed several
competing paradigms at work, assuming that is an
adequate way to explain '"thought
collectives"'. The model here is Latour.
Star has also suggested that the sociology of
knowledge is crucial to new studies of science,
and approaches also drawn art criticism and
literary criticism. Kuhn is not enough.
Lather is still stuck in 'the old post
structuralist fights' and the requirements of the
audit culture with its stress on evidence based
practice, both influential in education. The
importance of scientific approaches is wider, and
functions above all to foster a myth of external
knowledge, beyond the social and the
political. It is being challenged above all
by open access, 'pioneered in large part by young
scientists without tenure'. Modern science
even displays a double version itself. Lather is
right to argue that social theory is replacing
philosophy as an influence on science.
Social theory is itself changing, moving away from
hegemonic white male individuals towards more
collective topics or themes and this now includes
women and people of colour.
There is an assumption that most research should
be aimed at the powerless who are suffering
problems, but Lather problematizes voices and they
are conflicts with intrusive social
research. She is good on the ethics about
the tension between doing research and the
'anguish of representation' (217). However,
there is a need to study those which calls these
problems, 'including structural violence and
social suffering'. This involves looking
other people's science and critiquing it and she
is good at this. She advocates acknowledging
the contingency of truth and, like Latour and Law
has recognise the importance of the material and
non human. 'Interpretive scientificity' is
necessary to address complexity.
Research has an existential dimension involving
'an ongoing series of confrontations with self,
others, ideas, ethics, and dilemmas, conundrums
and contradictions'. After confronting such
difficult knowledge, however we need to see the
potential for thinking and doing otherwise.
Latour argues the same in urging us to open the
black ox of science. Lather operates in an
'"intertextual web" and this can lead to great
creativity.
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